All published research articles in GJESSD undergo rigorous peer review, based on initial editor screening, anonymous refereeing by independent expert referees, and consequent revision by article authors when required. The published article constitutes the final, definitive, and citable version of the work. All manuscripts submitted to GJESSD must be original contributions, and must not be under consideration for publication with another journal, nor have been previously published, in part or whole. The survey articles are subject to invitation by the editorial board.